Edwards' on Impeccability and Hardening - Arguments against the link between LFW and Responsibility
In part 3, scections III.I, III.II, and III.III, Edwards argues against the link between LFW and responsibility by appealing to divine impeccability as well as judicial hardening. He argues if God cannot sin, and a hardened man cannot do good, neither has freewill. But God is still worthy of praise and the hardened sinner is still to blame. So praise and blame to not require freewill.
The response is fairly straight forward. We agree that God cannot sin, and that sinners, without grace, cannot choose good. But does this mean that neither has LFW? No. Recall that LFW does not mean the ability to choose between good and evil. (link) God chooses between good alternatives and sinners, without softening grace, choose between evil options.
Divine Impeccability
Imagine you dig $20 out of your couch cushion. With that $20 you could A) give it to church, or B) buy your mom flowers If you were impeccable, you could not C) buy drugs to get high. But you could still choose between the good options: A & B. In the same way God chooses between good options, even thought He cannot sin.
Divine impeccability does not conflict with divine freedom, but some Calvinists hold to a concept with might conflict with divine freedom. Some Calvinists say God always chooses the greater good, and when He decreed all things, He created the best of all possible worlds.
I agree that it would be impossible for God to choose a bad world, because He's good. But why assume there's one "best world"? Why not many equally good worlds to pick from? Why can’t there be two or more equivalently good options for God? Seems to me if there’s one greatest good out there, and God’s nature predetermines Him to act on it, A) God is not free and B) that greatest good determines God and C) the greatest good is in some sense greater than God.
But in any case, the problem with Edwards' argument isn't divine impeccability; its his assumption that God only has one good option.
If anyone is concerned that the view that God cannot do evil is not Arminian, here's Arminius' thoughts: Arminius on God being necessarily good. (see Article 22) Here's another interesting article on the subject by Freddoso. Maximal Power
Hardening
God hardens sinners as a punishment for prior sins. Hardening is described as "adding iniquity to iniquity" (Psalms 69:27) and God "giving people up to their uncleanness, vile passions and debased mind" (Romans 1:18-32) and taking away what a person has (Mathew 13:12).
This hardening is a removal of "softening" grace. Oddly, it's the exception that proves the rule. The hardened sinner is left in his totally depraved state, because prevenient grace is removed. But this makes no sense without prevenient grace. So hardening is evidence for prevenient grace.
Edwards argues that since hardened sinners cannot do good, they don't have LFW. Since they don't have LFW, and they still are responsible for their sin, LFW and responsibility are unrelated.
While hardening removes the option of doing good, it still leaves the sinner to choose between evil options. So they still have LFW. This is the flip side of divine impeccability. With the $20 they could A) buy drugs or B) buy porn, but not C) give the money to Church out of a heart filled with love for God.
Generally hardening leaves man with multiple sinful options. But in some cases God providentially uses the hardened sinner to accomplish some greater purpose. In these cases, God may desire one specific action to be performed. God uses His knowledge of how a person would freely perform under certain circumstances, to arrange for those circumstances to obtain the outcome He desires. God knows that the person can, but would not do otherwise than perform the action He wants. So they still have LFW, because they still can do otherwise, even thought they will not.
God permits the sin, even though He hates it (Psalms 45:7), because He wants to use the persons action to accomplish some greater purpose. (Genesis 50:20) In these cases, we must keep in mind the twofold impact of sinful choices. In the heart of the sinners, their is an evil transgression of the law. Externally, the sin might initiate a chain of events which change the course of history. It's this second effect that God desires, not the first, because God hates sin.
Comments
Edwards argues that since hardened sinners cannot do good, they don't have LFW. Since they don't have LFW, and they still are responsible for their sin, LFW and responsibility are unrelated.
I like this. It is strange how Edwards sees this as evidence against LFW since judicial hardening is alwys in response to grace being spurned. So even if the judicially hardened sinner cannot do good while in that state and cannot escape that state wothout God's intervention, he is still rightly being held accountable for spurning God's grace in the first place.
If someone gets drunk they are still responsible for what they do in a drunken stupor even if their ability to choose right from wrong is impaired. This is true because the person decided to get drunk which makes him or her responsible for all that follows.
In a similar way, the one who has continually spurned the gracious work of the Holy Spirit and is given entirely over to his or her own sinful desires (by way of God removing His spurned and rejected grace, see, e.g. Isaiah 5:1-7; cf. 6:8-13), is responsible for all that follows because of freely rejecting and spurning God's grace when it was available. That is why "Today is the day of salvation" and "Today if you hear His voice, do not harden your hearts."
God Bless,
Ben
Thank you for your comments. I agree with your example, but for full disclosure, I should point out that I think the hardened sinner is responsible (not just for prior sins) but because he's free to choose between sinful options. We choose a sinful action (that we didn't have to choose) and since we are the source of that action, we are responsible for it.
Some would object to this that God holds men accountable for the impossible (i.e. all our options are sinful, none are good). But at the time God gave His commands (i.e. in Eden) obedience wasn't impossible. So God didn't give mankind an impossible command, even though mankind ruined themselves, rendering obedience impossible.
But that's the law... God could have ended the story there, but mercifully He didn't. The Gospel or new covenant, requires us to have faith in Christ. God couldn't hold us justly accountable for rejecting Christ, without providing enabling grace. Since the Gospel came to fallen mankind (who couldn't have faith on their own), God would be requiring the impossible if He didn't give sufficient grace for people to believe.
God be with you,
Dan
God defines "our state of being" as evil according to Jesus Himself.
So therefore your entire redress and response "falls" equally short.
Let's say, I try harder next time and actually according to all moral equivalence attain to perfection morally. At that then state of being, I still am short of the Standard equated by God in the verses I cited above.
How then can you reconcile your suppositions?
Your quote: "....I should point out that I think the hardened sinner is responsible (not just for prior sins) but because he's free to choose between sinful options. We choose a sinful action (that we didn't have to choose) and since we are the source of that action, we are responsible for it."
Again, with this any better and at best standard it does not reach the Righteousness by Faith apart from the Law of Righteousness that Christ was sent to obtain for Adam's lost "chosen" race.
Your quote: "The Gospel or new covenant, requires us to have faith in Christ. God couldn't hold us justly accountable for rejecting Christ, without providing enabling grace. Since the Gospel came to fallen mankind (who couldn't have faith on their own), God would be requiring the impossible if He didn't give sufficient grace for people to believe."
I would say you are missing it all together. There is no enabling Grace. God does not require anything from us nor can He. Because of one transgression God cannot require of us what He required Christ to complete, the task for which He was sent and we all can sigh a sigh of relief in that that the Holy Ghost vindicated Him before Heaven itself! Christ is the Savior, period. It is complete. It is entire. It is all God accepts of us and that acceptance by us is attributed as from the Lord Himself and not us. That sets us apart as the Elect of God.
Why?
Consider what Matthew is conveying here when we read this:::>
Mat 11:25 At that time Jesus declared, "I thank you, Father, Lord of heaven and earth, that you have hidden these things from the wise and understanding and revealed them to little children;
Mat 11:26 yes, Father, for such was your gracious will.
Mat 11:27 All things have been handed over to me by my Father, and no one knows the Son except the Father, and no one knows the Father except the Son and anyone to whom the Son chooses to reveal him.
Isn't this all hinging on being one of those Predetermined Elect of God among those being reprobate?
Yep, we can do our best (without grace) and it's not good enough. That's why we need grace.
Even repentance and faith are not good enough. If God doesn't have mercy, repentance and faith are worthless. But we do need to repent and believe.
God be with you,
Dan
do you stand at total depravity?
I believe in total depravity. What I don't believe in is irresistible grace.
God be with you,
Dan
ok,
define irresistable grace for me.
thanks and waiting.
Here's a link to the WCF on irresistable grace.
link
God be with you,
Dan
thanks, I have that.
I was asking you to define it seeing you made the comment about it.
To those whom God calls, conversion is necessary and resistance is impossible.
God be with you,
Dan
I am not sure I am following you here.
Irresistable Grace=To those whom God calls, conversion is necessary and resistance is impossible.
Is that what you are saying?